World Polio Day, observed every October 24, highlights global efforts to eradicate polio and underscores the significance of vaccination in safeguarding children. It also recognizes the crucial role of parents, caregivers, healthcare workers, and volunteers in administering polio vaccines.

Polio is a highly infectious and debilitating disease, with a history dating back centuries, capable of causing paralysis or weakness in limbs and spreading through person-to-person contact, contaminated food, water, or feces. India marked 12 polio-free years as of January 13, 2023, signifying a significant achievement since the last case in 2011.

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World Polio Day serves to create awareness about the importance of vaccination, particularly oral polio vaccine (OPV), which is highly effective in shielding against all poliovirus types. OPV generates antibodies in the blood, preventing poliovirus from reaching the nervous system.

In addition, inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) is administered via injection and can be given alone or in combination with other vaccines. Three spaced doses are typically administered, with a booster dose during late childhood.

Polio symptoms often go unnoticed, but in some cases, mild symptoms like sore throat, fever, fatigue, nausea, headache, and stomach pain may occur. More severe complications, such as meningitis, paralysis, or limb weakness, can develop in a minority of cases.

World Polio Day traces back to 1988 when there were approximately 350,000 polio cases worldwide. The World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate the poliovirus. In 2002, the WHO European Region achieved polio-free status, leading to the annual celebration of World Polio Day on October 24. It honors the birth of Jonas Salk, the developer of one of the most effective polio vaccines, serving as a platform to raise awareness and resources to combat this life-threatening and disabling disease.

Polio has been eliminated in various parts of the world thanks to vaccination campaigns, but Afghanistan and Pakistan continue to experience ongoing transmission of Wild Polio Virus. Sub-Saharan Africa is primarily affected by circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses due to insufficient immunization coverage.

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